Sulfazyme™ PaS (EC 3.1.6.1) is a purified recombinant arylsulfatase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa designed to hydrolyze select sulfated compounds at 37 °C. Sulfazyme hydrolyzes the sulfate groups from metabolites that have been sulfated as part of phase II detoxification in the liver.
Sulfazyme™ PaS hydrolyzes selected sulfated compounds with higher activity than other commercially available sulfatases.
The table below compares activity levels between Sulfazyme™ PaS and other sulfatases available on the market today. Activity levels for other sulfatases were derived from data found in the literature.3
3Stevenson BJ, Waller CC, Ma P, Li K, Cawley AT, Ollis DL, and MD McLeod (2015) Pseudomonas aeruginosa arylsulfatase: a purified enzyme for the mild hydrolysis of steroid sulfates. Drug Test. and Anal. 7, 903-911.
PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS: [DOWNLOAD]
| Physical Description: | Clear aqueous solution |
| Specific Activity: | ≥4.0 U/mg* |
| Guaranteed Shelf Life: | 6 months** |
| Storage Temperature: | 2-8 °C |
**Enzyme solution is stable at 2-8 °C for at least 6 months after receipt. The original enzyme solution is formulated for long-term storage. Diluting the enzyme could negatively impact its shelf life. Do NOT exceed three freeze-thaw cycles.
Why use Sulfazyme™?
The majority of commercially available sulfatase enzymes are sourced from organisms like snails, limpets, or abalone, which may contain interfering metabolites and enzymatic activities that can lead to inaccurate results. Sulfazyme™ PaS is recombinant and has >90% purity. This enzyme has been shown to exclusively exhibit sulfatase activity, ensuring highly specific and accurate hydrolysis.
Figure 1. Chromogenic assays to detect relative activities of Sulfazyme and crude snail enzyme (Helix pomatia). (a) Glucuronidase activity using phenolphthalein glucuronide at 25 °C. (b) Sulfatase activity using para-nitrocatechol sulfate at 37 °C. (c) Esterase activity using Calcein-AM at 37 °C. Relative activity was determined by normalizing against the lowest activity. [From Sitasuwan N, McGee A, Lee LA. (2019). Hydrolysis of sulfated steroids, toxic endobiotics and xenobiotics using purified sulfatase for quantitation of sulfated and unconjugated compounds. Proceedings of the 67th ASMS Conference on Mass Spectrometry and Allied Topics, Atlanta, GA. June 2-6, 2019.]
Figure 2. Hydrolysis profiles up to 24 hours of sulfated metabolites at known concentrations. (a) Cortisol sulfate in synthetic urine (Surine™) incubated with Sulfazyme. (b) Tapentadol sulfate in synthetic urine (Surine™) incubated with Sulfazyme. (c) Tapentadol sulfate in human plasma incubated with Sulfazyme. [From Sitasuwan N, McGee A, Lee LA. (2019). Hydrolysis of sulfated steroids, toxic endobiotics and xenobiotics using purified sulfatase for quantitation of sulfated and unconjugated compounds. Proceedings of the 67th ASMS Conference on Mass Spectrometry and Allied Topics, Atlanta, GA. June 2-6, 2019.]
Another study compared the deconjugation efficiencies of three enzymes for hydrolyzing terbutaline metabolites in human urine samples. IMCSzyme® and Sulfazyme™ PaS (referred to as IMCS-PSF in the article) were compared to Helix pomatia β-glucuronidase (Sigma). Urine samples from healthy volunteers were collected before and after oral administration of terbutaline tablets. Samples were subjected to four enzyme and sample mixture conditions (Table 1). This study demonstrated that Sulfazyme™ PaS shows higher hydrolysis efficiency than other enzymes typically used for the analysis of terbutaline (Figure 3).
Figure 3. Comparison of the temporal hydrolysis profile of terbutaline metabolites upon hydrolysis with no enzyme, IMCSZyme, IMCS-PSF (Sulfazyme PaS) and crude enzyme. The data are expressed as mean ± SD (n = 3). ***p ≤ 0.001 is based on ANOVA. ANOVA: Analysis of variance; SD: Standard deviation. [From Wang FR, Fei J, Yu XL, Zhao XC, Wang Q, Metavarayuth K. (2018). Advancing the Analysis of Terbutaline in Urine Samples Using Novel Enzyme Hydrolysis. Bioanalysis. doi: 10.4155/bio-2018-0145.]
When used in conjunction with IMCSzyme®, Sulfazyme™ facilitates faster and more efficient discoveries of conjugated metabolites which would be otherwise difficult to detect by mass spectrometry.
Combining IMCSzyme® and Sulfazyme™ PaS below enables the rapid detection of phenyl-γ-valerolactones (PVLs) in urine. The traditional method requires 6 hours while hydrolysis with the combined IMCSzyme® and Sulfazyme™ enzymes requires only 30 minutes.4,5
4Lessard-Lord J, Auger S, Plante P-L, Picard P, Dudonné S, Desjardins Y. (2021). Ultra-fast determination of the capacity to degrade proanthocyanidins from cranberries into phenyl-γ-valerolactones by Luxon-MS/MS. Proceedings of the 69th ASMS Conference on Mass Spectrometry and Allied Topics, Philadelphia, PA. October 31 – November 4, 2021
5Lessard-Lord J, Auger S, Demers S, Plante P-L, Picard P, Desjardins Y (2023). Automated high-throughput quantification of phenyl-γ-valerolactones and creatinine in urine by laser diode thermal desorption. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 71:16787-16796. doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.3c03888
