Sulfatases (EC 3.1.6.1) are grouped into three types of enzymes. Type I enzymes use 3-oxo-L-alanine or formylglycine, as the catalytic residue. Type II enzymes are non-heme iron-dependent dioxygenases. Type III enzymes adopt a metallo-beta-lactamase fold and bind two zinc ions as cofactors. Sulfazyme™ is a type I arylsulfatase. Arylsulfatases are found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes with similar substrate preferences. In type I enzymes, 3-oxo-L-alanine initiates the reaction by nucleophilic attack on the sulfur atom of the substrate1.
The Sulfazyme™ product line are purified recombinant and genetically modified arylsulfatases designed to hydrolyze sulfated compounds at 37 °C at or near pH 8.0. Sulfazyme hydrolyzes beta-linked sulfate ester groups from metabolites generated during phase II detoxification process. Sulfazyme™ is an excellent alternative to acid hydrolysis for the analysis of compounds that contain a sulfate ester moiety. Strong acid hydrolysis can lead to analyte degradation or increased matrix interference, thus artificially altering results2.
Choose between Sulfazyme™ PaS for general sulfatase needs, genetically engineered Sulfazyme DS for hydrolyzing dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), or genetically engineered Sulfazyme βAS for hydrolyzing boldenone sulfate, and testosterone sulfate. Additionally, Sulfazyme™ can be paired with our beta-glucuronidase to analyze both glucuronidated and sulfated metabolites simultaneously. Consult the table below to learn more about our next-generation sulfatase variants.
1Kanehisa, M., Sato, Y., Kawashima, M., Furumichi, M., Tanabe, M., KEGG as a reference resource for gene and protein annotation. Nucleic Acids Res. 2016, 44:D457–D462. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkv1070. https://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?ec:3.1.6.1.
2Sitasuwan P, Melendez C, Marinova M, Mastrianni KR, Darragh A, Ryan E, Lee LA. Degradation of Opioids and Opiates During Acid Hydrolysis Leads to Reduced Recovery Compared to Enzymatic Hydrolysis. J Anal Toxicol. 2016 Oct;40(8):601-607. doi: 10.1093/jat/bkw085. PMID: 27702939.
SulfazymeTM Product Line:
| Sulfazyme™ PaS |
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Suitable for sulfated compounds such as:
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| Sulfazyme™ DS |
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This genetically modified sulfatase is designed to efficiently hydrolyze recalcitrant steroid substrates such as:
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| Sulfazyme™ β-AS |
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This genetically modified sulfatase is designed to efficiently hydrolyze recalcitrant steroid substrates such as:
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Specific Activity vs. Other Recombinant Sulfatase
Sulfazyme™ Selection Guide
The Sulfazyme product line offers complementary substrate specificity profiles designed to address the full range of sulfate conjugates encountered in clinical, forensic, and sports testing applications. Click any region of the diagram to explore variant-specific activity data (based on data from this table) and selection guidance.
Click a region to see activity data and selection guidance
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For known analytes, consult the specific overlap zones.
Critical for doping control, sports medicine, and androgen panels.
Download this application note to learn more.
Edge case — DS: DS activity against tapentadol (~0.16 U/mg) sits at the edge of complete recovery. The best recommendation depends on what else is in the panel. Contact us for additional optimization assistance.
Edge case — β-AS: β-AS activity against cortisol (0.25 U/mg) sits at the edge of complete recovery. The best recommendation depends on what else is in the panel. Contact us for additional optimization assistance.
For estradiol-only panels, variant selection is not critical. For mixed panels, estradiol will be covered by whichever variant is selected for the other target analytes.
